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 What is Fluid Mecahnics and its Applications and its main Branches?

 First of all, I tell you that in which article, I will discuss with you people about the basics of Fluid Mechanics and its applications in different fields

Objectives:

           First of all, I tell you about the objectives that are by the reading of this article thoroughly, the reader will be able to recognize the basics of fluid and know What is the mechanics of fluid and about flow and its application in different fields. The main purpose of this article is to tell about the fundamental of fluid engineering in a very general way.

Definition of Flow:

                        For the reading of fluid mechanics, we should know about flow and fluid.

Flow:

     Relative change in position of a particular particle with respect to time. Any change in the position of the particle with respect to time is called Flow.

Fluid:

    Fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flow)  under applied shear stress or external force. Fluid is the phases of matter include liquid, gas, and plasma. Fluid although both liquid and gases. Anything that can flow. Two major things like gas/vapor or liquid.

Mechanics:

           Mechanics is the branch of science in which we deal with forces and their effects. Mechanics is the science in which we discuss the motion of the body under the action of forces. Mechanics is the oldest branch of physics in which we discuss both stationary and moving bodies under the influence of the forces and their effect on these bodies.

Branches of Mechanics:

The branch of mechanics which deal with bodies at rest is called Static. And the branch of mechanics which deal with bodies in motion is called Dynamic.

So now tell you about fluid mechanics:

Fluid Mechanics:

 Fluid Mechanics is the science that deals with the forces and their effect on any substance that can flow. Fluid Mechanics is the branch of mechanics that deal with the behaviors of fluid at rest or moving situations and also also the interaction of fluids with the solids and the other fluids at the boundary of any medium. Fluid Mechanics is the branch of continuous mechanics in which the kinematics and mechanical behavior of material are modeled as a continuous mass rather than as discrete particles.

Branches of Fluid Mechanics:

Fluid static:

 The branch of fluid mechanics in which fluid at rest is called fluid statics.

Fluid Kinematics:

    The branch of fluid mechanics in which fluid is in motion when pressure forces are not considered is called fluid kinematics.

Fluid Dynamics:

The branch of fluid mechanics in which fluid is in motion when pressure forces are considered is called fluid dynamics.

Fluid Mechanics are further classified into different categories:

Hydrodynamics:

The study of fluid mechanics in which fluids that are practically incompressible (such as liquid especially water and gases at low speed) is known as Hydrodynamics.

Hydraulics:

   A subcategory of hydrodynamics is called Hydraulics which deals with liquid flow in pipes and an open channel.

Gas Dynamics:

Gas Dynamics deal with the flow of fluids that undergo significant density changes such as the flow of gases through the nozzle at high speed.

AeroDynamics:

AeroDynamics deals with the flow of gases especially air over bodies such as rockets, aircraft, and automobiles at high and low speeds.

Hydrology:

 Hydrology deals with natural occurring fluid. It is the branch of science that deals with the circulation, distribution, and management of water.

Oceanography:

Oceanography deals with naturally occurring fluids.

Some industrial hydraulics applications are pipe flow, dam design, turbine, pumps, hydropower, fluid dynamics, flow measurements, river channel behavior, erosion, etc.

What is Fluid?

A substance exists in the gas or liquid phase. Distinctions between solid and fluid are made on the basis of the ability of the substance of resists applied shear stress that tends to change its shape.

Solid stress is directly proportional to strain, while In fluid stress is directly proportional to strain rate.

When a constant shear force is applied, then eventually it stops to stop deforming at some strain angle whereas fluid never stop deforming and approaches to certain strain rate.

In liquid molecules can move to relate to each other but the volume remains relatively constant because of the cohesion forces between the molecules.

As a result, liquid take a shape of the container it is in, and it forms a free surface in a large container in a gravitational field.

On the other hand, the gas expands until it encounters the walls of the container and fills the entire space that is available. Because gas molecules are widely spread and the cohesion forces between gas molecules is very small, Unlike liquid gas cannot make the free surface.

Liquid:

Difficult to compress so that it is incompressible.                                                                      Occupied a fixed volume and will take the shape of the container.                                            A free surface is formed if the volume of the container is greater than liquid.

Gas:

Easily to compress, change of volume is large cannot normally be neglected and are related to temperature.No fixed volume, it changes volume to expand until filling the empty vessel.  No free surface is formed completely filled the container.

APPLICATIONS OF FLUID MECHANICS:

Mechanics of fluid is very important in the field of engineering and science. Fluid Mechanics have wide applications in many different sciences such as biochemistry, chemical engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, meteorology and ocean engineering, and households and biomechanics, etc.

Biomechanics:

• Blood flows through arteries and veins.
• Airflow in lungs.
• The flow of cerebral fluid.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Households:

• piping system for sewage, cold water, and natural gas.
• Piping and ducting networking of heating and air conditioning system.
• refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner, vacuum cleaner, dishwasher, water meter, natural gas meter, radiator, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

Meteorological and Ocean Engineering:

• Movement of air current and water current                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mechanical Engineering:

• Design of turbines, pumps, air conditioning equipment, pollution control equipment.           

Design and analysis of air crafts, submarines, boats, rockets, jet engines, wind turbines, biomedical devices, and the cooling of electronic components.    

                                   

Civil Engineering:

• Design of piping system
• Flood control
• Transport river sediments
• Pollution of air and water      

                                                                                                                       

  Chemical Engineering:

• Design of chemical processing equipment.  

          Medicine:

• Heat assist device, artificial heat valve, Lab on a chip device, controlled drug delivery, glucose monitor.

Used in automobiles, combuster, boiler, gas, hydro and wind turbine, burner, boiler, Almost all things in the world is connected and touch with fluid and fluid itself.