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Introduction to Hydraulic and Fluid Flow System Lab and Different instruments 

Now I tell you about different machines and devices that are used in the Hydraulic and Fluid Flow System lab. These devices are used in fluid flow systems for finding the flow.

Metacentric Height Apparatus:

          It is used to investigate and determine buoyancy, the center of buoyancy, metacentric height, stability of the floating body, and angle of heel. Determine the metacentric height of the floating body and height variation of tilt angle. rectangular pontoon. The Centre of gravity can be moved horizontally by moving horizontal jockey weight and vertically moved by adjusting the vertical weight on the mast. Tilt angle is indicated by the plumb bob to the attached scale. The center of gravity of the pontoon can be moved vertically by means of adjustable vertical weight on the mast. It can be used with a hydraulic bench.

Centre of Pressure Apparatus:

               It is used to locate the center of pressure of an immersed rectangular surface. It is used to compare a practical value with the predicted theoretical value. It is used to determine the hydrostatic forces due to water acting on a partial and fully submerged body. The center of the pressure apparatus has been designed to determine the static thrust exerted by a fluid on a submerged body.

Infiltration Apparatus:

                 Infiltration apparatus is used to determine the relationship between soil type, infiltration, infiltration rate. It is used to determine the effect of crushing on infiltration.it is used to demonstrate the relationship between particle size and infiltration. The infiltration Apparatus comprises three vertical cylinders in which soil samples are placed. water poured onto the soil surface and can then be observed as it infiltrates the samples. It is a simple but effective laboratory infiltration process that is fundamental to any form of irrigation.

Pelton Wheel Turbine:

                 Pelton Wheel Turbine is used to find the operating characteristics of Pelton wheel turbine at various speeds. The Pelton wheel turbine is an impulse turbine with a tangential flow. The water hits its wheel at a tangent. It is good for higher pressure and lower flow.

                                        

Water Hammer Apparatus:

     Water Hammer Apparatus is used to demonstrate the water surge. It is used to determine the oscillatory characteristics of the surge shaft.it is used to demonstrate the financial head loss between reservoirs and surge shafts.

Hydraulic Bench:

       The hydraulic bench is used to find the flow over rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal weir/notch. It is to find the coefficient of discharge, coefficient of contraction, and coefficient of the velocity of different weirs. And also used to find the stability of floating bodies.

Bernoulli's Theorem:

          To prove Bernoulli's theorem. We used the hydraulic bench to find Bernoulli's theorem. Bernoulli's principle states that in fluid flow, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. This principle is a simplification of Bernoulli's equation which states that sum of all forms of energy in a fluid flowing along an enclosed path a streamline is the same at any two points in the path.

Pipe Network Bench:

       It is used to establish the relationship between headloss and the diameter of pipes. It is used to determine the relationship between headloss and discharge. It is used to determine the pressure and flow rate in complex pipe systems.

Drag Coefficient for sphere:

       To investigate the sink speed of spheres of different diameters made of different materials. It is used to compare the calculated sink speed with that of the measured sink speed. It is used to compare the sink speeds of different objects in liquid of different viscosity.

Orifice Apparatus:

     It is used to find the flow through the orifice. It is used to find the coefficient of discharge, coefficient of velocity, and coefficient of contraction of an orifice.

Artificial Rainfall simulator:

      It is also called advanced hydrology apparatus. It is used to demonstrate and physically understanding of hydrological cycle which is continuous in nature. The hydrological cycle is a water transfer cycle.

Universal Pump Test Rig:

      It is used to draw pump characteristics curves. It is used to investigate the relationship between pressure head, flow rate, power consumes and efficiency of a pump. It is used to investigate the relationship between pressure head and flow rate produced by the pump.

Fluid Friction Apparatus:

         It is used to establish a relationship between headloss and the diameter of pipes. It is used to establish a relationship between headloss and flow rate. It is to determine the heat loss associated with the flow of water through standard fittings. It is used to calibrate the venturi meter by establishing the relationship between flow rate and pressure head difference thus establishing the coefficient of discharge. It is used to calibrate the orifice meter by establishing the relationship between flow rate and pressure head difference thus establishing the coefficient of discharge "Cd".

Flow Meter:

     A device that is used to find the flow rate through a tubewell.

Flume:

    A specially shaped device that is used to find the flow rate measurements is called Flume.

Open Channel Hydraulic Bench:

     It is used to determine the flow through the weir. It is used to measure the discharge in an open channel with the help of a flume. It is used to measure the discharge in an open channel at a particular cross-section with the help of the current meter. It is used for the development of hydraulic jumps.

Pump:

      A pump is a device that is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.