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 What is Reciprocating Pump, Its components, Types, and its working principle?

  Today we discuss the type of pump that is also used in society. This type of pump is called a Reciprocating Pump. This reciprocating pump is mostly used in industrial work due to ti high capital and running costs. Due to high expense, it is mostly used in industries, not in households.

Reciprocating Pump:

                      Reciprocating pumps are those pumps that have a cylinder and a piston as the main working unit. The piston is moved forward and backward in the cylinder. The motion is driven from the connecting rod which is being driven by a crank revolving at a uniform speed. The motion is piston being reciprocating in nature is named as a reciprocating pump. The pump unit has automatic control valves that regulate the flow of liquid into the cylinder and out again.

    These pumps have become almost absolutely now for industrial use due to their high capital cost and running cost.

Characteristics of Reciprocating Pump: (Advantages and Disadvantages include both ):

1.    Pulsating flow.
2. Torque is not uniform.
3. Low efficiency for the low head.
4. More Expensive about four-time than a centrifugal pump.
5. High maintenance and running costs due to this use in industries and factories.
6. Gross weight is considerable.
7. Complicated Construction.
8. More Noise.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

Components of Reciprocating Pump:

Strainer

Suction pipe

Suction valve

Discharge valve

Discharge pipe

Cylinder

Piston and Piston rod

 Crank and Connecting rod

Air Vessel

Explanation of Components:

Suction pipe:

 A suction pipe is a pipe that is used to connect the source of liquid that is pumped from the cylinder. The liquid is sucked by the pipe of suction upward from the source of liquids to the cylinder. 

Suction Valve:

A suction valve is the non-return valve in which water does not return means liquid has one-directional flow only. This valve is placed between the suction pipe inlet from the liquid enter and cylinder. It is open when liquid is sucking or entering from the source to the suction pipe and is closed when water or liquid is discharged.

Discharge pipe:

The discharge pipe is used to deliver the liquid from the cylinder to desired outlet location through the delivery pipe.

Discharge valve:

   The discharge valve is also called the delivery valve. The delivery valve is also a non-return valve that is placed between the delivery pipe outlet and cylinder. It is open when liquid discharges and closed when liquid is sucking.

Cylinder:

A cylinder is made of cast iron and steel alloy. Piston and Piston rod is arranged in the cylinder. Suction and Discharge both liquids are placed in this so these valves are connected to the cylinder.

Piston and Piston rod:

        A piston is a part of the cylinder which is solid which moves backward and forward in a hollow cylinder for the suction and deliverance of liquid. And the piston rod that helps the piston to move in it.

Crank and Connected Rod:

     Crank is solid like circular disc that is connected through a power source like a motor for its rotation. A connecting rod connects the crank to the piston as a result of rotational motion to get it to convert into linear motion of the piston.

Strainer:

 A strainer that is used to prevent the entrance of solid material from the water source to the cylinder is provided at the end of the suction pipe.

Air vessel:

  Air vessel that is connected to the suction and discharge pipes that eliminate the friction head and to uniform discharge rate.

Working of Reciprocation Pump:

When the power source is connected to the crank then the crank will start rotating and the connecting rod displaces along with the crank. The piston which is connected to the connecting rod will move in a linear direction. When the crank moves outward then the piston move toward the right and its creates vacuum in the cylinder. This vacuum opens the suction valve and liquid from the source is sucked by the suction pipe. When the crank moves inward and toward the cylinder and piston will move toward its left and compress the liquid in the cylinder. Now the pressure makes the delivery valve opens and discharges the liquid through the delivery pipe. When piston extreme left position then the whole liquid present in a cylinder is delivered through delivery pipe.THen again crank rotate towards and the piston move right to create suction whole process is repeated. The above process can be observed in single acting reciprocating pump there is only one delivery stroke per one revolution of the crank. When it is double-acting reciprocation pump then there is two delivery stroke per two revolutions of cranks.

Uses of Reciprocating pump:

A reciprocating pump is mainly used in oil drilling operations.                                                A reciprocating pump is used in light oil pumping.                                                                    A reciprocating pump is used in Feeding small boilers condensate return.                                Reciprocating pump is used in pneumatic pressure systems and used in the wastewater treatment systems and in hydro testing of tanks and vessels and firefighting systems.

 It also divides according to the number of cylinders.

Single-cylinder: It consists of a single-cylinder connected to the shaft.                                    Double cylinder: It consists of double cylinders connected to the shaft.                                    Triple cylinder: It consists of three cylinders connected to the shaft.

Examples of Reciprocating pumps are

Axial piston pump. 

 Hand pump.    

windmill water and oil pump.

Hand pumps are those pumps that are used by human power and the mechanical advantage is to move fluid from one place to another place. In the world, it is mostly used in many countries and it is used in the world for a variety of industries, irrigation, marine, and leisure activities. In the world, there are mainly different types of hand pumps available, and operation on Diaphragm, rotary vane and piston principle with a check valve to entry and exit port to chamber operating in opposite direction. Hand pumps are mostly either Piston pumps or Plunger pumps or positive displacement.