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What is Groundwater Hydrology, Groundwater, and its zones and layers?

Today I will demonstrate the topic of groundwater hydrology. Tell you what is Groundwater Hydrology and its type and complete divisions.

1. WHAT IS GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY?

                   Groundwater Hydrology is the subdivision of hydrology in which we discuss and study the management and distribution of the water that is below the earth's surface. We also consider the quality and the complete movement of water beneath the surface of the earth. And also consider a complete flow diagram of the movement of the water that is below the earth's surface. Ground hydrology is also known as hydrogeology. In this, we study the water that is flowing below the earth's surface. We study How water flows in the subsurface through aquifers, and also how water gets into the ground for recharge.

2. WHAT IS GROUNDWATER?

                     Groundwater is the water that is located below the earth's surface. The water beneath the earth's surface is found in soil pores and fractures of the rocks are called groundwater. We can say this when fracture of rocks and soil pores become saturated with water then it is named Groundwater. Groundwater is naturally freshwater below the earth. It is used for drinking purposes, the agriculture sector, and mostly used in industrial sectors.  It is also found below the arid, semiarid lands.

3. SUBSURFACE WATER:

                        The water in the soil mantle is called sub-surface water.

Water can be divided into two zones below the earth's surface.

3.1. SATURATED WATER ZONE

3.2. UNSATURATED WATER ZONE

3.1. SATURATED WATER ZONE:

                  The zone of saturation includes the water of the ground.

3.2. UNSATURATED WATER ZONE:

                  The zone aeration in which the soil water zone includes because it is an unsaturated water zone.

When high rainfall occurs then sometimes pores especially fully fill with water and then the water table is divide into the zone of aeration from the zone of saturation. Zone of saturation in which soil pores are completely filled with water and Zone of aeration in which soil pores are partially filled with water, partially saturated, we can say.

Firstly discuss Aeration zone:

                          The aeration zone is divided into three Subzones.

   a. Soil water zone.

   b. Intermediate zone.

   c. Capillary fringe

a. SOIL WATER ZONE:

       The soil water zone is the zone in which water is found between the space of soil pores. From this zone, plants extract the water from the space between the pores immediately and easily. The water in this zone can be removed by aeration and by extracting plants not removed by gravity. Plants extract this water through its root zones from the pores of the soil. The plant extracts the water through its root zones until the capacity of soil is equal to the extracting force of the plants. The point at which plants cannot extract water by their zones is called wilting point.

b. INTERMEDIATE ZONE:

      The zone after the zone of soil water is named an intermediate zone. This zone is between the soil water zone and capillary zone. It is the mid-zone of the aeration zone.

c. CAPILLARY FRINGE:

       It is the layer of the subsurface where groundwater seeps up to the water table and fills the pores by the action of the capillary forces.it fills the pores of soil with water on the base of the capillary fringe due to the tension saturation. Due to the size of mixed pores, the saturated portion of the capillary fringe is less than the capillary rise.

Now discuss the Saturated zone:

                      The saturated zone is divided into four  Subzones

a. Aquifer

b.Aquifuge

c.Aquitard

d.Aquiclude

a.AQUIFER:

         The aquifer is a subsurface layer(underground layer) of water that is bearing permeable rocks and unconsolidated materials like sand, gravel, silt. It is a porous substrate that transmits groundwater. Groundwater from this is extracted excellently and in a better way.

b.AQUIFUGE:

       Aquifuge is the subsurface layer of the impermeable body of rocks that are not interconnected openings and it is not absorbed and transmit water.

c.AQUITARD:

         Aquitard is the layer that is badly permeable that decreases the flow of water on aquifer from one layer to other. Along with aquifer is a low permeable.

d. AQUICLUDE:

      Aquiclude is the layer of the saturated zone that is solid and impermeable underlying the aquifer and overlaying the aquifer and hardly transmit water.

  So, from this, we will know The AQUIFER is a most better and well way to get Groundwater.